A Linked Open Data project for connecting LAM(Libraries, Archives & Museums)
resources related to
Arne naess who is the pioneer of environmental philosophy.
Arne Naess (27 January 1912 - 12 January 2009) was an environmental philosopher who coined the term “deep ecology”. Influenced by various fields, he developed his philosophy and lived a life as an intellectual who participated in and acted in environmental protection campaigns.
Arne Naess LOD's purpose is to find items which are related to Arne naess through libraries, archives and museums and connect them to each other based on key elements of his life.
I collected 6 items related to places, events, or physical objects that were an important part of his life.
Crossing the Stones , 1993
The documentary film about Arne Naess who is philosopher and founder of 'deep ecology' from Stanford Libraries
Slient Spring, 1962
An environmental science book by Rachel carson from National Library of Korea
Næss, Arne [bilde 007] , 1983
A photography depicting Arne Naess protesting from Nasjonalbiblioteket
Mardalsfossen , 1972
A photography of Mardalsfossen landscape from Nasjonalbiblioteket
Ethica , 1963
A book on ethics written by Spinoza from SBN UBO
Mardøla blues , 1970
A craft poster for Mardøla aksjonen which is a envornmental protection campaign from DigitaltMuseum
E/R Model is an Entity/Relation model. In this model, the focus of domain "Arne naess" relates the event "Mardøla Campaign", the place "Mardalsfossen" and the concept "Deep ecology".
*Entities expressed in green, yellow, and orange are expressed in relation to blue attributes through white relationships.
The analysis of items that includes information about typology, providers, and metadata standards used.
| Item | Provider | Type of provider | Country | Standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flim | Stanford Libraries | Library | United States | MODS |
| Book | Sbn | Library | South Korea | DCMI |
| Photography | Nasjonalbiblioteket | Library | Norway | MARC21 |
| Photography | Nasjonalbiblioteket | Library | Norway | MARC21 |
| Book | Sbn ubo | Library | Italy | MARC21* |
| Craft | Digitalt Museum | Museum | Norway | MODS* |
*I chose suitable Metadata standards personally, when they don't have a explanation about their metadata standard.
The alignment is between different standards that used to address information related to people, places, dates and concepts. And it used by cultural heritage institutions.
| Property | MODS | DCMI | MARC21 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Who is the creator? | modsrdf:name | dc:creator |
100 - Main Entry-Personal Name $a - Personal Name |
| Who is the contributor? | modsrdf:name | dc:contributor |
700 Personal Name, 710 Corporate Name |
| who is the owner? | / | dcterms:provenance | 561 Ownership and Custodial History |
| Who is the publisher? | modsrdf:publisher | dc:publisher |
260 Publication, Distribution, etc $b - Name of publisher, distributor, etc |
| Who owns the rights for image reproduction? | / | dc:rights dcterms:rightsHolder | 540 Terms Governing Use and Reproduction $a Terms governing use and reproduction and 542 - Information Relating to Copyright Status $d Copyright holder |
| Property | MODS | DCMI | MARC21 |
|---|---|---|---|
| When was the item created? | modsrdf:datecreated | dcterms:created |
260 - Publication, Distribution etc $g - Date of manufacture |
| When was the item published? | / | dcterms:issued |
260 - Publication, Distribution etc $c - Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
| What is the duration | / | dcterms:extent | / |
| What is the epoque? | / | dcterms:temporal | / |
| Property | MODS | DCMI | MARC21 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Where was the item created? | / | dc:coverage | 264 - Production, Publication, Distribution, Manufacture, and Copyright Notice $a - Place of production |
| Where was the item published? | modsrdf:placeOfOrigin | dc:coverage |
260 - Publication, Distribution etc $a - Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
| Property | MODS | DCMI | MARC21 |
|---|---|---|---|
| What is the title? | modsrdf:title | dc:title | 245 Title Statement $a Title Proper |
| What is the subject? | modsrdf:subject | dc:subject | 650 Subject added entry, Topical heading 651 Subject added entry - geographic name 653 Index term - uncontrolled 647 Subject Added Entry-Named Event |
| What is the format? | / | dc:format | 856 Electronic Location and access $q - Electronic format type |
| What is the type? | / | dc:type | Leader 06 - Type of record |
| What is the description? | / | dc:description | 520 Summary, Abstract Note |
| What is the providing country? | / | / | 662 Subject Added Entry - Hierarchical Place Name $a - Country or larger entity |
| What is the language? | modsrdf:languageOfResource | dc:language | 546 Language Note |
| What are the notes related to the item? | / | / | 520- Summary, ect $a - Summary, etc. |
Theoretical model is that can explain specific questions and answers to the selected items. Questions consists of Who?, Where?, When? and What?
In this project, the central event, place, or content of a person's life was planned to be expressed. Therefore, in the case of this model, in addition to the basic information of a person, it is important to consider what the person has accomplished in life, such as his job or achievement. In order to describe accurately, i decided to use FOAF, DBpedia, PCV, GNDO and Core Concepts Ontology
For places, I thought that a more microscopic approach was necessary because the location of the main character's activities was limited to one country. Therefore, I thought it was appropriate to use Geo Names, Basic Geo, DBpedia, Schema, and FOAF.
It was mainly based on the year he was born to the year of his death, but the time of some items was not included in the standard, so i did not set a specific period. It was decided to encode all dates in complete date YYYY-MM-DD and YYYY formats using the international standard ISO 8601.
The project was planned based on how he derived a new concept based on what he had absorbed in the past. Therefore, in this case, I felt the need to explain historical knowledge, and based on that point, I tried to express it through BIO, CIDOC-CRM, DCMI metadata Terms, EVENT, FOAF, SKOS, and DBpedia.
I made a conceptual model using schemas, ontologies and vocabularies that were selected in the theoretical model.
| Question | Predicate | Model |
|---|---|---|
| What type of entity? | rdf:type | RDF |
| What is the person's name? | foaf:firstName | FOAF |
| What is the person's surname? | foaf:lastName | FOAF |
| What is the gender? | foaf:gender | FOAF |
| What is the person nationality? | dbo:nationality | DBpedia |
| In which place was the person born? | person:placeOfBirth | PCV |
| In which country was the person born? | person:countryOfBirth | PCV |
| When was the person born? | gndo:dataOfBirth | GNDO |
| When did the person die? | gndo:dataOfDeath | GNDO |
| Where did the person die? | person:placeOfDeath | GNDO |
| Where did the person live? | dbo:livingPlace | DBpedia |
| What topic that person is interested in philosophy? | foaf:interest | FOAF |
| Where was the person active? | gndo:placeOfActivity | GNDO |
| What did the person influence? | dbo:influenced | DBpedia |
| In which resource is the person depicted? | foaf:depiction | FOAF |
| What is the person's occupation? | core:occupation | Core Concepts Ontology |
| What did the person do? | core:knownFor | Core Concepts Ontology |
| Question | Predicate | Model |
|---|---|---|
| What is the genetic type? | rdf:type | RDF |
| What is the name of the place? | gn:name | GeoNames |
| What is the alternative name of the place? | gn:alternateName | GeoNames |
| In which country is the place located? | gn:parentCountry | GeoNames |
| What is the country code? | gn:countryCode | GeoNames |
| what is the latitude? | geo:lat | Basic Geo |
| What is the longitude? | geo:long | Basic Geo |
| What is the place wikipedia page? | dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | DBpedia |
| What is the description? | dbo:abstract | DBpedia |
| What is the event associated to the place? | schema:event | Schema |
| In which resource is the place depicted? | foaf:depiction | FOAF |
| Question | Predicate | Model |
|---|---|---|
| What type of entity? | rdf:type | RDF |
| What is the duration of the event? | time:hasTemporalDuration | Time Ontology |
| When is the beginning of the time span? | time:hasBeginning | Time Ontology |
| When is the end of the time span? | time:hasEnd | Time Ontology |
| Question | Predicate | Model |
|---|---|---|
| What type of entity? | rdf:type | RDF |
| what is the title? | crm:P102_has_title | CIDOC-CRM |
| What is the subject? | dcterms:subject | DCMI Metadata Terms |
| What was motivated by? | crm:P17_was_motivated_by | CIDOC-CRM |
| Who is the person that officiates at a protest event? | bio:officiator | BIO |
| Where was the event held? | bio:place | BIO |
| When was the event held? | bio:date | BIO |
| Is there an item related to the event? | event:factor | EVENT |
| Where is depicted? | foaf:depiction | FOAF |
| What is the event wikipedia page? | dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | DBpedia |
| Question | Predicate | Model |
|---|---|---|
| What type of entity? | rdf:type | RDF |
| what is the title? | crm:P102_has_title | CIDOC-CRM |
| Which resource has the concept as primary topic? | foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | FOAF |
| What are the books related to the concept? | skos:related | SKOS |
| When did it start? | dbo:start | DBpedia |
This is a description of data which was made in previous models. This data description is based on triplets which are subject, predicate and object.
| Question | Predicate | Object |
|---|---|---|
| What type of entity? | rdf:type | Person |
| What is the person's name? | foaf:firstName | Arne |
| What is the person's surname? | foaf:lastName | Naess |
| What is the gender? | foaf:gender | Male |
| What is the person nationality? | dbo:nationality | Norway |
| In which place was the person born? | person:placeOfBirth | Slemdal, Oslo |
| In which country was the person born? | person:countryOfBirth | Norway |
| When was the person born? | gndo:dataOfBirth | 1912-01-27 |
| When did the person die? | gndo:dataOfDeath | 2009-01-12 |
| Where did the person die? | person:placeOfDeath | Oslo |
| Where did the person live? | dbo:livingPlace | Hallingskarvet |
| What topic that person is interested in philosophy? | foaf:interest | Environmental Philosophy Environmental Ethics |
| Where was the person active? | gndo:placeOfActivity | Norway |
| What did the person influence? | dbo:influenced | Deep Ecology |
| In which resource is the person depicted? | foaf:depiction | Documentary Film about Arne Naess |
| What is the person's occupation? | core:occupation | Philosopher |
| What did the person do? | core:knownFor | Philosopher Writer Professor Mountaineer |
| Question | Predicate | Object |
|---|---|---|
| What is the genetic type? | rdf:type | Plcce |
| What is the name of the place? | gn:name | Tiered Waterfall |
| In which country is the place located? | gn:parentCountry | Norway |
| what is the latitude? | geo:lat | 62.4718943ºN |
| What is the longitude? | geo:long | 8.119833472ºN |
| What is the place wikipedia page? | dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mardalsfossen |
| What is the description? | dbo:abstract | Mardalsfossen is a waterfall in Molde Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is sometimes referred to as one of the tallest waterfalls in Europe. |
| What is the event associated to the place? | schema:event | Mardøda Campaign |
| In which resource is the place depicted? | foaf:depiction | Landscape Photograph |
| Question | Predicate | Object |
|---|---|---|
| What type of entity? | rdf:type | Group event |
| what is the title? | crm:P102_has_title | Mardøla campaign |
| What is the subject? | dcterms:subject | Arne Naess Sigmund Kvaløy Setreng Odd Einar Dørum |
| What was motivated by? | crm:P17_was_motivated_by | Civil disobedience |
| Who is the person that officiates at a protest event? | bio:officiator | Cooperation groups for nature and environmental protection |
| Where was the event held? | bio:place | Eikesdal |
| When was the event held? | bio:date | 1970-07-27 |
| Is there an item related to the event? | event:factor | Documentary film Campaign poster |
| Where is depicted? | foaf:depiction | Campaign Photograph Campaign poster |
| What is the event wikipedia page? | dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mard%C3%B8la-aksjonen |
| Question | Predicate | Object |
|---|---|---|
| What type of entity? | rdf:type | Concept |
| what is the title? | crm:P102_has_title | Deep ecology |
| Which resource has the concept as primary topic? | foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | Environmental Philosophy |
| What are the books related to the concept? | skos:related | Slient Spring Ethica |
| When did it start? | dbo:start | 1973 |
| What is the event wikipedia page? | dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Deep_ecology |
| What is the concept definition? | skos:definition | It is an environmental philosophy that promotes the inherent worth of all living beings regardless of their instrumental utility to human needs, and the restructuring of modern human societies in accordance with such ideas. |
For this final step, data is described using a RDF statement that I decided to serialize through Turtle. I, especially, selected three main entities: people(Arne Naess), place(Mardalsfossen) and event(Mardøla Campaign). The raw version of RDF and visual representation of RDF also can be discovered..
@base <https://arnenaesslod.github.io/>.
@prefix rdf: <https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#>.
@prefix foaf: <https://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>.
@prefix gn: <http://www.geonames.org/ontology> .
@prefix dbo: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>.
@prefix person: <http://www.w3.org/ns/person/>.
@prefix gndo: <https://d-nb.info/standards/elementset/gnd#>.
@prefix core: <https://www.bbc.co.uk/ontologies/coreconcepts/>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema>.
@prefix geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#>.
@prefix schema: <http://schema.org/>.
@prefix crm: <http://www.cidoc-crm.org/cidoc-crm/>.
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>.
@prefix bio: <http://purl.org/vocab/bio/0.1/>.
@prefix dbc: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:>.
<person/Arne_Naess>
rdf:typefoaf:Person;
foaf:firstName'Arne';
foaf:lastName'Naess';
foaf:gender'Male';
person:placeOfBirthgn:3138308; #Slemdal, Oslo
person:countryOfBirthgn:3144096; #Norway
gndo:dataOfBirth'1912-01-27'^^xsd:date;
gndo:dataOfDeath'2009-01-12'^^xsd:date;
person:placeOfDeathgn:3143244; #Oslo
dbo:livingPlacegn:3154173; #Hallingskarvet
foaf:interest'Environmental Philosophy',
'Environmental Ethics';
gndo:placeOfActivitygn:3144096, #Norway
dbo:influenced<concept/Deep_Ecology>;
foaf:depiction<item/Documentary_Film_about_Arne_Naess>;
core:occupation'Philopher';
core:knownFor'Philosopher',
'Writer',
'Professor',
'Mountaineer';
dbo:wikipageExternalLink<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arne_N%C3%A6ss>.
<place/Mardalsfossen>
rdf:typecrm:E53_Place;
gn:name'Mardalsfossen';
gn:parentCountrygn:3144096; #Norway
geo:lat'62.4718943';
geo:long'8.119833472';
dbo:wikipageExternalLink<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mardalsfossen>;
dbo:abstract'Mardalsfossen is a waterfall in Molde Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is sometimes referred to as one of the tallest waterfalls in Europe.';
schema:event<evnet/Mardøla_Campaign>;
foaf:depiction<item/Landscape_Photograph>.
<event/Mardøla_Campaign>
rdf:typebio:GroupEvent;
crm:P102_has_title'Mardøla Campaign';
dcterms:subject<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_movement>;
bio:principal<person/Arne_Naess>,
<person/Sigmund_Kvaløy_Setreng>,
<person/Odd_Einar_Dørum>;
crm:P17_was_motivated_bydbc:Civil_disobedience;
bio:officiator'Cooperation groups for nature and environmental protection';
bio:placegn:3158545; #Eikesdal
bio:date'1970-07-27'^^xsd:date;
foaf:depiction<item/Campaign_Photograph>,
<item/Campaign_Poster>;
dbo:wikipageExternalLink<https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mard%C3%B8la-aksjonen>.
